Question

the writers who took part in the enlightenment are called enlightenment thinkers, sometimes known as philosophes, the french word for philosophers. just as scientists challenged the claims of the catholic church, enlightenment thinkers often challenged the claims of absolute monarchs. we study them because of the actions that their ideas inspired later in history.
watch a clip from heroes of the enlightenment, episode 2 0:00 - 1:22 and read the transcript below, then answer the questions to the right.
transcript:
the age of enlightenment began in europe in the late 17th century. it would bring about fundamental changes in the way the world was understood and how societies were organized. until then, the church had dictated told people what to think and how to live. dissent disagreeing with those in power was punished even by death. but with the enlightenment, people began to embrace new ideas about freedom of expression and new rational methods to investigate the world. in england, newton made the foundations of science as we know it by showing that the universe was governed by physical laws that could be discovered using observation and reason. in philosophy, enlightenment thinkers like voltaire and diderot argued that man, not god, was at the center of the world. ideas were beginning to change, but in the 18th century most of europe was still ruled by absolute monarchs. empowered by enlightenment thinking in both europe and america, people began to demand real change.

1. based on the video and transcript, what organization had the most influence on how people in europe lived and what they thought?
2. what changes came about as a result of the enlightenment?

unit 10.2 | enlightenment, revolution, and nationalism | sq 2. what historical circumstances led to the enlightenment?
what historical circumstances led to the enlightenment?
directions: read each of the events that contributed to the start of the enlightenment below, then respond to the accompanying question.

1. power of absolute monarchs

some characteristics of an autocrat
in the 1500s, 1600s and 1700s, some monarchs in europe became very wealthy. as a result, they were able to pay for large and powerful armies and expand their land and power. these kings and queens are known as absolute monarchs. most of the countries in europe were ruled by absolute monarchs in the 17th and 18th centuries. louis xiv of france and peter the great of russia were examples of absolute monarchs.
many absolute monarchs consolidated and maintained their power by punishing those who opposed them and questioned their right to rule.
source: nys global history and geography regents exam, june, 2012

1. based on the video and transcript, what organization had the most influence on how people in europe lived and what they thought?
2. protestant reformation and scientific revolution influence

martin luthers actions in the protestant reformation challenged the catholic churchs hold on power by translating the bible into common languages and encouraging people to read it for themselves instead of having priests translate it for them.
isaac newton and other scientists used observation and reason to explain the true nature of the world which often proved the catholic churchs claims wrong.

Explanation:

1. Según el video y el transcripción, la Iglesia Católica era la organización que más influía en cómo la gente en Europa vivía y en lo que pensaba antes del Ilustracionismo, ya que dictaba lo que la gente debía pensar y cómo debía vivir y castigaba a los disidentes.
2. El Ilustracionismo trajo cambios fundamentales en la comprensión del mundo y la organización de las sociedades. La gente comenzó a abrazar nuevas ideas sobre la libertad de expresión y métodos racionales para estudiar el mundo. También se dieron cambios políticos, ya que la gente empoderada por el pensamiento ilusionista comenzó a demandar cambios reales en un contexto donde la mayoría de Europa estaba ainda gobernada por monarcas absolutos.

Answer:

1. La Iglesia Católica.
2. Cambios en la comprensión del mundo y la organización social, abrazo de ideas de libertad de expresión y métodos racionales, y demandas políticas de cambio real.