Question

1. the sumerians modified their environment by inventing ______
2. the first set of written laws were called ______
3. three different examples of how early civilizations adapted and modified their environments are ____, __, and ____
4. ____ is the belief in ____ god, it is the religion practiced by the followers of judaism.
5. geography is ______
6. job specialization can determine a person’s ____ ____
7. why do people develop a social hierarchy? ______
8. ______ is the holy book of judaism.
9. name two ways river valley civilizations adapted to their environment. how did these modifications benefit the civilization?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

1. why was writing important to early river valley civilizations? explain using specific from one early river valley civilization.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

1. how are social hierarchy and job specialization related? explain using s and of the early river valley civilizations.

Explanation:

Question 17

The holy book of Judaism is the Tanakh (also known as the Hebrew Bible), which consists of the Torah, Nevi'im, and Ketuvim.

1. Irrigation Systems: River valley civilizations (e.g., Mesopotamia, Indus Valley) built canals and ditches to divert river water to farmland. This allowed them to grow crops in areas that would otherwise be arid, increasing food production and supporting larger populations.
2. Flood Control: They constructed levees (earthen embankments) along rivers to prevent destructive floods. Stable living conditions from reduced flood damage encouraged settlement and urban development.

Writing (e.g., Sumerian cuneiform, Egyptian hieroglyphics) was vital for:

• Record - keeping: Sumerians used cuneiform to track trade (e.g., grain, livestock), taxes, and inventory, enabling organized economies.
• Transmitting knowledge: Laws (e.g., Hammurabi’s Code) and religious texts were written, preserving culture and maintaining social order.
• Long - distance communication: Messages could be sent between cities, unifying civilizations and facilitating governance.

Answer:

Tanakh

Question 18