Question

1. what is an example of a structural brain change that affects cognition in aging adults?

options: increase in gray matter, decrease in neurotransmitters, enlargement of the hippocampus, formation of abnormal neural pathways

1. what is a benefit of physical activity for older adults with type 2 diabetes?

options: increased triglyceride levels, improved insulin sensitivity, worsened neuropathic pain, reduced muscle mass

1. which age-related symptoms can cause an increase in fall risk?

options: vision becomes sharper, skin thins and loses elasticity, arteries thicken and become stiffer, baroreceptors are less sensitive

1. how does physical activity benefit cardiovascular health in older adults?

options: decreases oxygen levels in the blood, increases blood pressure, improving cardiovascular efficiency, reduces heart rate variability

Explanation:

Question 11

To determine the structural brain change affecting cognition in aging adults, we analyze each option:

• "Increase in gray matter": Gray matter typically decreases with aging, so this is incorrect.
• "Decrease in neurotransmitters": Neurotransmitters are chemical (not structural) components, so this is incorrect.
• "Enlargement of the hippocampus": The hippocampus often shrinks with age, so this is incorrect.
• "Formation of abnormal neural pathways": Structural changes like abnormal neural pathways (e.g., due to neurodegeneration) can impact cognition in aging.

For older adults with type 2 diabetes, we evaluate the benefits of physical activity:

• "Increased triglyceride levels": Physical activity usually lowers triglycerides, so this is incorrect.
• "Improved insulin sensitivity": Physical activity helps improve insulin sensitivity, which is beneficial for type 2 diabetes.
• "Worsened neuropathic pain": Physical activity can help manage or reduce neuropathic pain, so this is incorrect.
• "Reduced muscle mass": Physical activity helps maintain or increase muscle mass, so this is incorrect.

To identify age - related symptoms increasing fall risk:

• "Vision becomes sharper": Vision typically declines with age, so this is incorrect.
• "Skin thins and loses elasticity": This affects skin health, not fall risk directly.
• "Arteries thicken and become stiffer": This impacts cardiovascular health, not fall risk directly.
• "Baroreceptors are less sensitive": Baroreceptors regulate blood pressure. Reduced sensitivity can lead to postural hypotension, increasing fall risk.

Answer:

The correct option is "Formation of abnormal neural pathways".

Question 12