Question

1. the photograph below shows a new york state index fossil.

this index fossil would be classified as a
a) gastropod b) nautiloid c) coral d) brachiopod

1. the cross section below represents rock units within earths crust. sedimentary rock layers are labeled 1 through 6.

key
contact metamorphism
igneous rock

the age of the igneous rock is
a) older than rock layers 1 and 2 b) the same age as rock layer 3
c) older than rock layer 3 d) younger than rock layers 4, 5, and 6

Explanation:

For question 12: The fossil shown is a brachiopod, which is a common New York State index fossil with distinct ribbed, shell-like structures matching the image.
For question 13: Using the principle of cross-cutting relationships, the igneous rock intrudes into layers 1, 2, and 3, so it is younger than those. Layers 4, 5, 6 formed after the intrusion, meaning the igneous rock is younger than them.

Answer:

1. D) brachiopod
2. D) younger than rock layers 4, 5, and 6