Question

1. how were raw materials delivered to most factories before railroads were built and expanded?

along coastlines
wagonways
by air
canals

Explanation:

Before railroads became widespread, canals were a primary, efficient inland transportation method for heavy raw materials, as they could carry large loads at lower cost compared to wagonways (which were limited in capacity and range) and air transport did not exist for this purpose. Coastlines only served factories near coastal areas, not most inland ones.

Answer:

canals