Question

1. match each description with the appropriate term listed. place your answer in the blank space given.

i. absolute age
ii. stratigraphic sequence
iii. relative dating
iv. intrusion
a. a sequence of rocks that is a chronological record of a regions geological history
b. the number of years that have elapsed since an event occurred
c. a body of rock that forms from the invasion of magma into a pre - existing rock formation
d. the process of placing rocks and geological structures in the correct chronological order

1. describe the geological process through which sharks teeth end up high on a mountain range.
2. describe two fundamental ideas proposed in the seventeenth century that enabled geologists to date rock layers.

Explanation:

a. A stratigraphic sequence is a chronological record of a region's geological history, so it matches with ii.
b. Absolute age is the number of years that have elapsed since an event occurred, so it matches with i.
c. An intrusion is a body of rock that forms from the invasion of magma into a pre - existing rock formation, so it matches with iv.
d. Relative dating is the process of placing rocks and geological structures in the correct chronological order, so it matches with iii.

For question 20, shark's teeth ending up high on a mountain range can be due to tectonic uplift. The area that was once underwater (where sharks lived) has been raised up over geological time due to the movement of tectonic plates.

For question 21, in the seventeenth century, Nicolas Steno proposed the principle of superposition (in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, the oldest layers are at the bottom) and the principle of original horizontality (sedimentary layers are originally deposited horizontally). These ideas helped geologists date rock layers.

Answer:

19.
a. ii. stratigraphic sequence
b. i. absolute age
c. iv. intrusion
d. iii. relative dating

1. Tectonic uplift raises the area that was once underwater (where sharks lived) over geological time.
2. Principle of superposition (oldest layers at the bottom in undisturbed sedimentary rocks) and principle of original horizontality (sedimentary layers are originally deposited horizontally).