Question

1. describe normal vital sign ranges for pediatric patients *

your answer

1. in general, how does heart rate change as a child gets older? *

your answer

1. how does blood pressure change as a child gets older? *

your answer

1. are there vital signs that do not change with age? if so, which one(s)? *

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Explanation:

Question 20

Normal vital signs for pediatric patients vary by age. For heart rate (beats per minute, BPM): Newborns (0 - 1 month): 100 - 205; Infants (1 - 12 months): 90 - 180; Toddlers (1 - 3 years): 80 - 150; Preschool (3 - 5 years): 70 - 120; School - age (6 - 12 years): 60 - 110; Adolescents (13 - 18 years): 50 - 100. Respiratory rate (breaths per minute): Newborns: 30 - 60; Infants: 30 - 60; Toddlers: 24 - 40; Preschool: 22 - 34; School - age: 18 - 30; Adolescents: 12 - 16. Blood pressure (systolic/diastolic, mmHg): Newborns: 60 - 90/20 - 60; Infants: 70 - 100/30 - 70; Toddlers: 80 - 110/40 - 75; Preschool: 80 - 110/50 - 75; School - age: 90 - 120/50 - 80; Adolescents: 90 - 120/60 - 80. Temperature (oral/axillary/rectal, °F): Oral: 97.6 - 99.6; Axillary: 96.6 - 98.6; Rectal: 98.6 - 100.6.

As a child ages, the heart rate generally decreases. This is because the heart becomes more efficient at pumping blood as the child grows, so it doesn't need to beat as fast to meet the body's oxygen and nutrient demands. For example, a newborn's heart rate can be as high as 205 BPM, while an adolescent's heart rate ranges from 50 - 100 BPM.

Blood pressure (both systolic and diastolic) generally increases as a child gets older. This is due to the growth of the cardiovascular system, including the development of blood vessels and the heart's ability to pump with more force. For example, a newborn’s systolic blood pressure is around 60 - 90 mmHg, while an adolescent’s systolic blood pressure ranges from 90 - 120 mmHg.

Answer:

• Heart Rate (BPM): Newborns (0 - 1 mo): 100 - 205; Infants (1 - 12 mo): 90 - 180; Toddlers (1 - 3 yr): 80 - 150; Preschool (3 - 5 yr): 70 - 120; School - age (6 - 12 yr): 60 - 110; Adolescents (13 - 18 yr): 50 - 100.
• Respiratory Rate (breaths/min): Newborns: 30 - 60; Infants: 30 - 60; Toddlers: 24 - 40; Preschool: 22 - 34; School - age: 18 - 30; Adolescents: 12 - 16.
• Blood Pressure (systolic/diastolic, mmHg): Newborns: 60 - 90/20 - 60; Infants: 70 - 100/30 - 70; Toddlers: 80 - 110/40 - 75; Preschool: 80 - 110/50 - 75; School - age: 90 - 120/50 - 80; Adolescents: 90 - 120/60 - 80.
• Temperature (°F): Oral: 97.6 - 99.6; Axillary: 96.6 - 98.6; Rectal: 98.6 - 100.6.

Question 21