Question

1. osteoarthritis is:

bilateral joint inflammation
inflammation of bone with ligament swelling
inflamed bone and cartilage causing swelling
inflammation of a bone joint causing bone hypertrophy

1. what is a break in the distal portion of the radius and the ulna of the arm called?

spiral fracture
greenstick fracture
double fracture
colles’ wrist fracture

Explanation:

Question 41

Osteoarthritis involves the inflammation of the bone joint (where bone and cartilage meet) and can lead to bone hypertrophy (enlargement) due to the body's response to the joint damage. Let's analyze the options:

• "bilateral joint inflammation": Osteoarthritis isn't always bilateral, and this is too general.
• "inflammation of bone with ligament swelling": It's about the joint (bone - cartilage), not just bone with ligament swelling.
• "inflamed bone and cartilage causing swelling": While it involves bone and cartilage, the key feature of bone hypertrophy is missed.
• "inflammation of a bone joint causing bone hypertrophy": This matches the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis, as the joint inflammation can lead to changes like bone hypertrophy (e.g., osteophyte formation).

A Colles' wrist fracture is a specific type of fracture that occurs at the distal portion of the radius (and sometimes ulna) in the wrist. Let's analyze the options:

• "spiral fracture": A spiral fracture is a fracture that spirals around the bone, not specific to the distal radius/ulna.
• "greenstick fracture": This is a type of incomplete fracture common in children, not related to the distal radius/ulna.
• "double fracture": This is a vague term and not the specific name for a fracture at the distal radius/ulna.
• "Colles' wrist fracture": This is the correct term for a break in the distal portion of the radius (and often ulna) of the arm (wrist area).

Answer:

inflammation of a bone joint causing bone hypertrophy

Question 42