Question

biogeography
the longer organisms from the same species are separated from each other, the more different the species become. you have probably heard of pangaea. well, another supercontinent was call gondwanaland. when this continent began to break apart. africa (1), south america (2), australia (3), and new zealand (4), began to split off one by one. africa split away first, then new zealand, and then finally australia and south america.
why were insect species of small flies from australia and south america more closely related, than the flies from africa?

Explanation:

The question is about biogeography, which relates to the distribution of species and how continental drift (like the breakup of Gondwanaland) affects species relationships. Insect species from Australia and South America are more closely related because Australia and South America were part of Gondwanaland and split later in the sequence (Australia split after Africa, and South America's split timing) compared to Africa. So their species had less time to diverge than those from Africa, as Africa split off earlier, leading to more evolutionary separation between African and Australian/South American fly species.

Answer:

Insect species of small flies from Australia and South America are more closely related than those from Africa because Australia and South America were part of the Gondwanaland supercontinent and split apart later in the continental breakup sequence (after Africa had already split off). This meant the fly species in Australia and South America had less time to evolve independently (diverge) compared to those in Africa, so their evolutionary relationships remained closer.