Question

check your reading:1. what did the u.s. supreme court decide in the brown board of education of topeka, kansas, case?2. what were the jim crow laws?3. who was rosa parks?4. who led the montgomery bus boycott?5. who was eugene “bull” connor?

Explanation:

1. The Supreme Court ruled that state-mandated racial segregation in public schools violated the 14th Amendment's Equal Protection Clause, declaring "separate but equal" facilities unconstitutional.
2. Jim Crow laws were state and local statutes in the U.S. South that enforced racial segregation and systemic discrimination against Black Americans from the late 1800s to the mid-1960s.
3. Rosa Parks was a Black American civil rights activist whose 1955 refusal to give up her bus seat to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama, sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott and became a pivotal moment in the civil rights movement.
4. Martin Luther King Jr., a young Baptist minister at the time, led the Montgomery bus boycott.
5. Eugene "Bull" Connor was the segregationist Public Safety Commissioner of Birmingham, Alabama, known for using violent tactics (including fire hoses and police dogs) against civil rights protesters in the 1960s.

Answer:

1. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson.
2. Jim Crow laws were state and local laws in the United States that enforced racial segregation and disenfranchisement of Black Americans, primarily in the Southern states, from the late 19th century through the mid-20th century.
3. Rosa Parks was a civil rights activist whose 1955 refusal to surrender her bus seat to a white passenger in Montgomery, Alabama, ignited the Montgomery Bus Boycott and became a key symbol of the civil rights movement.
4. Martin Luther King Jr. led the Montgomery bus boycott.
5. Eugene "Bull" Connor was a segregationist public official who served as Public Safety Commissioner of Birmingham, Alabama; he infamously used violent, repressive tactics (such as police dogs and fire hoses) against civil rights protesters in the 1960s.