Question

earthquake waves
name: alysea

seismic waves:	primary waves	secondary waves	surface waves
another names that wave is also known by:
draw a diagram what it looks like?
motion or travel direction of wave		at right angles - perpendicular to the motion
ranking according to which one gets to the reporting station 1st, 2nd, and 3rd
parts of the earth they travel through (crust, mantle and/or core)
what do they travel through: solid or liquid
speed at which they travel (may need to be specific for each layer of the earth)
also known as body waves (put the word \body waves\)
rank according to which wave is the most destructive to the least “1”
which two waves experience shadow zones and why?
does the wave refract or reflect as it travels through the earth? may have more than one answer.
name the person who discovered that earthquake waves change speed at about 50 km below the surface of the earth. what wave were they studying?
name the person and which specific wave that discovered the distance to the core because this wave wont travel there.
			*
	write a summary on the back over the three types of waves.		*

Explanation:

To fill the table about Earthquake (Seismic) Waves, we analyze each row for Primary Waves (P - Waves), Secondary Waves (S - Waves), and Surface Waves:

1. Seismic Waves:

• Primary Waves: Compressional waves, travel fastest, can go through solids, liquids, and gases.
• Secondary Waves: Shear waves, travel slower than P - waves, can only go through solids.
• Surface Waves: Travel along the Earth's surface, cause most destruction, slower than body waves (P and S).

2. Abbreviation:

• Primary Waves: P - Wave
• Secondary Waves: S - Wave
• Surface Waves: Usually L - Waves (Love) or R - Waves (Rayleigh), but often just referred to as Surface Waves without a single abbreviation like P/S.

3. Another names that wave is also known by:

• Primary Waves: Pressure Waves, Longitudinal Waves
• Secondary Waves: Shear Waves, Transverse Waves
• Surface Waves: Love Waves (horizontal - ground motion), Rayleigh Waves (elliptical - ground motion)

4. Draw a diagram what it looks like?

• Primary Waves: Like a slinky being pushed and pulled (compression/rarefaction), particles move in the direction of wave travel.
• Secondary Waves: Like a slinky being shaken side - to - side, particles move perpendicular to wave travel.
• Surface Waves: Like waves on the ocean, with circular or elliptical particle motion (Rayleigh) or side - to - side (Love) along the surface.

5. Motion or Travel Direction of Wave:

• Primary Waves: Parallel to the direction of wave propagation (longitudinal).
• Secondary Waves: Perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation (transverse) (as given in the table for S - Waves).
• Surface Waves: Rayleigh - elliptical motion along the surface; Love - transverse motion along the surface.

6. Ranking according to which one gets to the reporting station \(1^{st}\), \(2^{nd}\), and \(3^{rd}\):

• \(1^{st}\): Primary Waves (fastest)
• \(2^{nd}\): Secondary Waves (slower than P - waves)
• \(3^{rd}\): Surface Waves (slowest, as they travel along the surface)

7. Parts of the Earth they travel through (crust, mantle and/or core):

• Primary Waves: Crust, Mantle, Outer Core (liquid), Inner Core (solid)
• Secondary Waves: Crust, Mantle (cannot go through Outer Core - liquid)
• Surface Waves: Crust (travel along the surface)

8. What do they travel through: solid or liquid:

• Primary Waves: Solid, Liquid, Gas
• Secondary Waves: Solid only
• Surface Waves: Travel along the surface (interface of air - land or land - water), but the medium they travel through (the surface) is solid (the Earth's crust).

9. Speed at which they travel (may need to be specific for each layer of the earth):

• Primary Waves: ~5 - 8 km/s in the crust, ~10 km/s in the mantle, ~11 km/s in the inner core.
• Secondary Waves: ~3 - 4 km/s in the crust, ~6 km/s in the mantle.
• Surface Waves: ~2 - 4 km/s (slower than body waves)

10. Also known as body waves (Put the word “Body Waves”):

• Primary Waves: Body Wave (along with S - Waves, they are body waves as they travel through the Earth's interior)
• Secondary Waves: Body Wave
• Surface Waves: Not body waves (they are surface waves)

11. Rank according to which wave is the most destructive to the least “1”:

• \(1^{st}\) (most destructive): Surface Waves (cause the most ground shaking and damage)
• \(2^{nd}\): Secondary Waves
• \(3^{rd}\) (least destructive): Primary Waves

12. Which two waves experience shadow zones and why?

• Primary Waves: Have a shadow zone between \(103^{\c…

Step 1: Recall wave speeds

Primary Waves (P - Waves) are the fastest seismic waves, followed by Secondary Waves (S - Waves), and Surface Waves are the slowest.

Step 2: Assign ranks

Since speed determines arrival time (faster = earlier arrival), P - Waves arrive first, then S - Waves, then Surface Waves.

Answer:

• Primary Waves: \(1^{st}\)
• Secondary Waves: \(2^{nd}\)
• Surface Waves: \(3^{rd}\)