Question

energy transformations often involve more than two types of energy.
read the passage about the end of the ride. think about the evidence for changes in kinetic energy, sound energy, and thermal energy.
image of a roller coaster train
the roller coaster train went through a final big turn and then headed back toward the station.
the train slowed down as brakes on the track squealed and heated up. once the train came to a stop in the station, the riders stood up and left.
match each claim with the evidence that supports it.
the brakes heated up. the riders stood up.
the train slowed down. the train changed direction.
the brakes squealed.
claim evidence
kinetic energy decreased.
thermal energy increased.
sound energy increased.

Explanation:

1. For the claim "Kinetic energy decreased": Kinetic energy is related to the motion of an object. When the train slows down (as stated in "The train slowed down") or comes to a stop, its speed decreases, so kinetic energy (which depends on speed) decreases. Also, a change in direction (from going through a turn to heading back) can also be associated with a change in velocity, but the most direct evidence for decreased kinetic energy here is the train slowing down.
2. For the claim "Thermal energy increased": Thermal energy is related to heat. The passage says "The brakes heated up", so this is direct evidence that thermal energy increased (as heating up means an increase in thermal energy).
3. For the claim "Sound energy increased": Sound energy is related to sound production. The passage states "The brakes squealed", and a squealing sound means sound energy is being produced (increased) due to the brakes' action.

Answer:

• Kinetic energy decreased: The train slowed down (or The train changed direction can also be considered, but The train slowed down is more direct for speed - related kinetic energy change)
• Thermal energy increased: The brakes heated up
• Sound energy increased: The brakes squealed