Question

1. explain why a 40 kg cheetah must exert a bigger force to change directions than a 15 kg gazelle.
2. how can newtons second law of motion be represented with an equation?
3. tony has a mass of 50 kg, and his friend sam has a mass of 45 kg. assume that both friends push off on their rollerblades with the same force. explain which boy will have greater acceleration.
4. describe an example of an action and reaction. identify the forces and their direction.
5. explain why action and reaction forces are not balanced forces.

Explanation:

Step1: Recall Newton's second - law formula

Newton's second law is $F = ma$, where $F$ is force, $m$ is mass and $a$ is acceleration.

Step2: Answer question 2

The equation for Newton's second law of motion is $F=ma$.

Step3: Analyze question 3

From $F = ma$, we can rewrite it as $a=\frac{F}{m}$. Given the same force $F$, the smaller the mass $m$, the greater the acceleration $a$. Sam has a mass of 45 kg and Tony has a mass of 50 kg. Since Sam has a smaller mass, Sam will have a greater acceleration.

Step4: Provide an action - reaction example for question 4

When a person jumps off a boat onto the shore, the action force is the person pushing the boat away from the shore (force exerted by the person on the boat, direction is away from the shore). The reaction force is the boat pushing the person towards the shore (force exerted by the boat on the person, direction is towards the shore).

Step5: Explain non - balanced action and reaction forces for question 5

Action and reaction forces act on different objects. For balanced forces, they act on the same object. So action and reaction forces are not balanced forces.

Answer:

1. The equation for Newton's second law of motion is $F = ma$.
2. Sam will have a greater acceleration because, from $a=\frac{F}{m}$, with the same force $F$, a smaller mass $m$ results in a greater acceleration $a$, and Sam has a smaller mass (45 kg) compared to Tony (50 kg).
3. Example: When a person jumps off a boat onto the shore, the action force is the person pushing the boat away from the shore (direction: away from the shore), and the reaction force is the boat pushing the person towards the shore (direction: towards the shore).
4. Action and reaction forces are not balanced forces because action and reaction forces act on different objects, while balanced forces act on the same object.