Question

a(n) ____________ is formed after a question has been asked and some background research has been conducted. usually, they are \if...then...\ statements that show a cause - and - effect relationship. they may also contain positive - negative phrases, too.
hypothesis
results
inference
testable question

Explanation:

A hypothesis is formulated after a question and background - research. It is typically an "If...then..." statement indicating cause - effect and may have positive - negative elements. Results are outcomes of an experiment, inference is a conclusion based on evidence, and a testable question is what starts the research process.

Answer:

A. hypothesis