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violent, ambitious intentions behind a harmless facade; the "serpent under" is the murderous plan to seize the throne.
- Act III: Macbeth uses the snake to symbolize Banquo (and his heirs) as an ongoing threat to his crown—killing Banquo is "scorching the snake," but his son Fleance escapes, leaving the threat alive.
- Fulfillment:
- Act I: The metaphor is fulfilled when Macbeth hides his intentions and murders Duncan, seizing power.
- Macbeth's fulfillment plan: To eliminate the remaining threat by killing Fleance (Banquo's heir) to secure his throne permanently.
Quote for half-successful plan:
The line in Scene 4 that confirms Macbeth's plan was only half-successful is: "Thou canst not say I did it. Never shake / Thy gory locks at me." (spoken to Banquo's ghost, revealing Banquo is dead but his legacy/heir still haunts Macbeth) or more directly, the lead-up: "The worm that's fled / Hath nature that in time will venom breed, / No teeth for th' present." (acknowledging Fleance escaped, leaving a future threat).
Summarize Banquo's thoughts:
- Regarding Macbeth: Banquo suspects Macbeth used foul play to seize the throne, distrustful of his rise to power.
- Regarding Himself: Banquo is aware the witches prophesied his sons will be kings, and he fears Macbeth will target him and his heirs to stop this.
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Symbolism Analysis:
| Category | Act I | Act III |
|---|---|---|
| Deeper Meaning | Hide murderous ambition behind innocence | Banquo/Fleance as uneliminated threat to power |
| Fulfillment | Macbeth murders Duncan (hides his intent) | Macbeth's plan fails: Fleance escapes; he plots to kill Fleance |
Half-Successful Plan Quote:
"The worm that's fled / Hath nature that in time will venom breed, / No teeth for th' present." (Act III, Scene 4)
Banquo's Thoughts:
- Regarding Macbeth: Suspects Macbeth stole the throne via murder.
- Regarding Himself: Fears Macbeth will harm him to block his sons' royal future.