Question

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Explanation:

After 1976, Deng Xiaoping shifted China's focus to economic and societal development, centering on modernizing the country's industry, agriculture, technology, and national defense. The other options do not represent the main goal adopted during this period: Marxism was an existing guiding ideology, collectivization was a policy from earlier decades, and communism is a long-term ideological goal rather than the immediate main focus at that time.

Answer:

modernization