Question

individuals who believe that an unpleasant experience is unavoidable and therefore do nothing to change the course of events are exhibiting
a. self - actualization attributes
b. the fight - or - flight response
c. attributional deficits
d. cognitive dissonance
e. learned helplessness

Explanation:

• Self-actualization refers to fulfilling one's potential, not passive acceptance of negative events.
• Fight-or-flight is a physiological stress response to immediate threats, not inaction due to perceived inevitability.
• Attributional deficits involve difficulties explaining events, not the described passive behavior.
• Cognitive dissonance is the discomfort of conflicting beliefs, not the acceptance of unavoidable negative experiences.
• Learned helplessness occurs when individuals believe they cannot change a negative situation, leading to inaction, which matches the description.

Answer:

E. learned helplessness