Question

learning objective: explain what factors lead to the diffusion of univers
vocabulary
protolanguage language family language branch language
universalizing religion lingua franca hierarchic a
language

1. describe the following language terms

a. protolanguage:
b. language family:
c language branch
d language group
2 describe how language changes over time?
3 what is a dialect?

Explanation:

Answer:

a. A hypothetical ancestral language from which a set of related languages has evolved over time.
b. A collection of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed long before recorded history.
c. A collection of languages within a language family that are more closely related and share a more recent common ancestor.
d. A smaller group of languages within a language branch that share very similar grammar and vocabulary.
Language changes over time through processes like phonetic shifts, lexical borrowing, grammatical simplification, and adaptation to new cultural/technological contexts.
A dialect is a regional or social variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary, mutually intelligible with other dialects of the same language.