Question

this map shows the empire of alexander iii circa 332 bce.
alexanders empire (332 bce)
rome
byzantium
black sea
athens
sparta
anatolia
mediterranean sea
alexandria
babylon
alexanders empire
persian empire
this map shows alexander iiis empire
○ before he defeated darius iii.
○ after he defeated darius iii.
○ before he invaded rome.
○ after he invaded rome.

Explanation:

1. Alexander the Great defeated Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BCE. The map is dated 332 BCE, so it shows his empire before this final defeat of Darius III.
2. Alexander never invaded Rome; Rome was not a major power he targeted in his campaigns, so options referencing Rome are incorrect.

Answer:

before he defeated Darius III.