Question

mcculloch v maryland, marbury v madison and gibbons v ogden all __________ the federal government. strengthened ignored the limitations of challenged the legitimacy of weakened the authority of

Explanation:

麦卡洛克诉马里兰州案（McCulloch v Maryland）确立了联邦政府的默示权力和联邦法律高于州法律；马伯里诉麦迪逊案（Marbury v Madison）确立了司法审查权，增强了联邦司法权力；吉本斯诉奥格登案（Gibbons v Ogden）扩大了联邦政府对州际贸易的权力。这些案件都加强了联邦政府的权力。

Answer:

strengthened