Question

multiple choice: completely fill in the circle next to the best answer. use a number - two pencil only. do not make any marks on this sheet.

1. focusing attention on the blackboard, the teacher explained the problem.

present participle gerund auxiliary verb

1. focusing attention on the blackboard is sometimes a difficult task for a teacher.

gerund present participle main verb

1. onicu, born in romania, became a naturalized citizen of the united states.

main verb in a clause past participle present participle

1. having been born in romania, she understood the meaning of poverty.

perfect participle present participle past participle

1. being a christian, tadi could not approve of his classmates conduct.

present participle gerund perfect participle

1. being a christian sometimes means losing friends.

present participle gerund perfect participle

1. being a christian has its own rewards.

subject of a dependent predicate nominative of a adjective
clause gerund

1. always wanting attention was one of her faults.

adverb modifying a adverb modifying a subject of a gerund
gerund main verb

1. after running an ad in the paper, we quickly sold our car.

gerund used as object of a preposition
gerund used as an adjective modifying we
gerund used as the direct object of the verb after

1. the singer, inundated with requests, sang two encores.

main verb in an adjective perfect participle past participle
clause
end of test

Explanation:

1. "Focusing" is a present - participle as it is used to start a phrase modifying the main clause. It describes the action of the teacher while explaining the problem.
2. "Focusing" here is a gerund because it is the subject of the sentence "Focusing attention on the blackboard is sometimes a difficult task for a teacher".
3. "Born" is a past - participle used to modify "Olga", indicating her origin.
4. "Having been born" is a perfect participle as it shows an action that happened before the main action "she understood".
5. "Being" is a present - participle, introducing a phrase that gives a reason for Todd's attitude.
6. "Being" is a gerund as it is the subject of the sentence "Being a Christian sometimes means losing friends".
7. "Being" is a gerund and "a Christian" is the subject of the gerund - phrase "Being a Christian has its own rewards".
8. "Always" is an adverb modifying the gerund "wanting" in the sentence "Always wanting attention was one of her faults".
9. "Running" is a gerund used as the object of the preposition "after" in "After running an ad in the paper, we quickly sold our car".
10. "Inundated" is a past - participle modifying "the singer".

Answer:

1. Present participle
2. Gerund
3. Past participle
4. Perfect participle
5. Present participle
6. Gerund
7. Subject of a gerund
8. Adverb modifying a gerund
9. Gerund used as object of a preposition
10. Past participle