Question

part c write the food group name next to its part of the food guide pyramid.

1. __________
2. __________
3. __________
4. __________
5. __________
6. __________

source: us department of agriculture

part d write an answer to each question.

1. how do sanitation methods stop infectious diseases from spreading?
2. what is the difference between a lymphocyte and a phagocyte?
3. how is serving size important to good nutrition and health?
4. what harmful effects can stress have on the body?

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Explanation:

Part C (Food Guide Pyramid Food Groups)

The traditional Food Guide Pyramid (USDA) has layers with these food groups (from top to bottom, and side - by - side in middle layers):

• 16 (Top layer): Fats, Oils, Sweets (smallest layer, for sparing use).
• 17 (Middle - left upper): Milk, Yogurt, Cheese (dairy group).
• 19 (Middle - right upper): Meat, Poultry, Fish, Dry Beans, Eggs, Nuts (protein - rich group).
• 18 (Middle - left lower): Vegetables (vegetable group).
• 20 (Middle - right lower): Fruits (fruit group).
• 21 (Bottom layer): Bread, Cereal, Rice, Pasta (grain group, largest layer for base).

Part D (Short Answers)

22. How do sanitation methods stop infectious diseases from spreading?

Sanitation methods (like cleaning, disinfecting, proper waste disposal, safe water supply) remove or kill pathogens (germs) from surfaces, water, and food. They also reduce the places where pathogens can live and spread (e.g., cleaning toilets stops fecal - oral transmission of germs like E. coli or norovirus). By eliminating the pathogen’s environment or killing the germs, they break the “chain of infection” (pathogen → reservoir → portal of exit → mode of transmission → portal of entry → susceptible host).

23. What is the difference between a lymphocyte and a phagocyte?

• Phagocytes (e.g., neutrophils, macrophages) are a type of white blood cell. Their main job is to engulf and destroy pathogens (like bacteria) through phagocytosis (they “eat” the germs). They are part of the innate immune system (first - line, non - specific defense).
• Lymphocytes (e.g., B cells, T cells) are also white blood cells. They are part of the adaptive immune system (specific, targeted defense). B cells make antibodies to tag pathogens, and T cells either kill infected cells (cytotoxic T cells) or help coordinate the immune response (helper T cells). They “remember” pathogens for future infections (immunological memory).

24. How is serving size important to good nutrition and health?

Serving size tells you how much of a food is a “standard” portion. Eating more than the serving size means consuming more calories, fat, sugar, or salt than intended. For example, a serving of chips might be 1 ounce, but eating the whole bag means overeating. Following serving sizes helps control calorie intake (preventing obesity), ensures balanced nutrient intake (so you get enough vitamins/minerals without excess), and helps manage conditions like diabetes (by controlling carbohydrate intake from a serving of grains or fruit).

25. What harmful effects can stress have on the body?

Stress triggers the “fight - or - flight” response (release of cortisol, adrenaline). Short - term stress can cause headaches, muscle tension, or upset stomach. Long - term (chronic) stress can lead to:

• Physical issues: High blood pressure (increases heart disease risk), weakened immune system (more frequent illnesses), digestive problems (ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome), and disrupted sleep.
• Mental/emotional issues: Anxiety, depression, difficulty concentrating, or mood swings. It can also lead to unhealthy coping (like overeating, smoking, or drinking alcohol) which worsens health.

Answer:

s (Part C, filling the blanks):

1. Fats, Oils, Sweets
2. Milk, Yogurt, Cheese (Dairy)
3. Vegetables
4. Meat, Poultry, Fish, Beans, Eggs, Nuts (Protein)
5. Fruits
6. Bread, Cereal, Rice, Pasta (Grains)

(For Part D, the above explanations are the answers to write in the blanks.)