Question

the d.a.r.e. program (\drug abuse resistance education\) began in 1983. in this program, police officers taught special 45 - minute lessons in classrooms about the dangers of drugs. however, the program was shown to have very little effect; there was only a small, short - term reduction in tobacco use, but no reduction in alcohol or marijuana use. long - term rates of teen substance abuse did not change significantly. in 1998, behavioral scientists began looking for different ways to teach this program. the new d.a.r.e. curriculum is called \keepin it real,\ and students spend most of their time practicing refusal strategies with friends rather than being lectured on the possible effects of drugs. the
eal\ acronym stands for the four main strategies the students practice: refuse, explain, avoid, and leave. there is also much more emphasis on teaching students how to make safe and responsible decisions in all areas of life. based on the excerpt, which statement is true? ○ antidrug campaigns have little effect on how much students use drugs. ○ lots of students use tobacco, but very few use alcohol or marijuana. ○ antidrug campaigns can help prevent substance abuse, but cannot reduce it. ○ practicing refusal strategies can help students stay sober.

Explanation:

• For the first option: The excerpt says the old D.A.R.E. had little effect, but the new "keepin' it REAL" focuses on refusal strategies. The first option generalizes all antidrug campaigns, which is not supported.
• For the second option: The excerpt only mentions a small short - term reduction in tobacco use and no reduction in alcohol or marijuana use, but it doesn't say "lots of students use tobacco, but very few use alcohol or marijuana".
• For the third option: The excerpt shows that the old D.A.R.E. had little effect, and there's no support for the idea that antidrug campaigns can help prevent but not reduce substance abuse.
• For the fourth option: The new D.A.R.E. curriculum "keepin' it REAL" has students practice refusal strategies with friends, and this is related to helping students stay sober (avoid drug use). So this statement is true.

Answer:

D. Practicing refusal strategies can help students stay sober.