Question

questions 10 through 12 refer to the following.
\in carolina, the instances of negroes murdering... their own masters or overseers are not rare... runaways escape by water, past frederica in georgia to st. augustine in florida, where they receive freedom, be it war or peace with spain. many just run into the woods, get along miserably, or are secretly looked after by other negroes....
those negroes who have served the colony of georgia well are bought and freed by the government, receive their own land, and enjoy the english rights. if a private party wants to release a negro he must have the consent of the governor or get him out of the colony. for the free negroes abuse their freedom, and it is feared they seduce others to freedom....
... mixings or marriages between black and white colonists are not allowed by the laws; but... i have learned of 2 white women, one french and one german, who have secretly been with negroes and have borne black children.... and all too common are white men... who with negro women father half - black children. the children are perpetual slaves just like their mothers.
johann martin bolzius, german minister, report to a correspondent in europe on life in georgia and the carolinas, 1751
10 mark for review
which of the following represented a change in the labor force of the southern british colonies by the 1700s as depicted in the excerpt?
a slavery became more widespread than indentured servitude.
b the rise of manufacturing led to an increased need for skilled artisans and craftsmen.
c the encomienda was adopted from the spanish to provide native american workers.
d people newly freed from slavery frequently worked on plantations.

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• Option A: By the 1700s in southern British colonies, the labor system shifted from indentured servitude (which had limitations like time - bound service and a dwindling supply as conditions improved in Europe) to more widespread slavery. The excerpt shows a slave - based society with issues like slave resistance (runaways) and laws around slavery, supporting that slavery became more common than indentured servitude.
• Option B: The southern colonies were mainly agricultural (plantations of tobacco, rice, etc.), not manufacturing - based. So the rise of manufacturing and need for skilled artisans is incorrect for the southern colonies.
• Option C: Encomienda was a Spanish system for Native Americans, and the southern British colonies relied on African slavery, not adopting encomienda for Native American labor.
• Option D: The excerpt focuses on slavery and runaways, not freed slaves working on plantations. Freed slaves faced restrictions and were not a major part of plantation labor in the way described here.

Answer:

A. Slavery became more widespread than indentured servitude