Question

read the passage. there are several questions about this passage. from the elegant universe isaac newton, born in 1642 in lincolnshire, england, changed the face of scientific research by bringing the full force of mathematics to the service of physical inquiry. newtons was such a monumental intellect that, for example, when he found that the mathematics required for some of his investigations did not exist, he invented it. nearly three centuries would pass before the world would host a comparable scientific genius. of newtons numerous profound insights into the workings of the universe, the one that primarily concerns us here is his universal theory of gravity. the force of gravity pervades everyday life. it keeps us and all of the objects around us fixed to the earths surface; it keeps the air we breathe from escaping to outer space; it keeps the moon in orbit around the earth and it keeps the earth bound in orbit around the sun. gravity dictates the rhythm of the cosmic dance that is tirelessly and meticulously executed by billions upon billions of cosmic inhabitants, from asteroids to planets to stars to galaxies. more than three centuries of newtons influence causes us to take for granted that a single force - gravity - is responsible for this wealth of terrestrial and extraterrestrial happenings. but before newton there was no understanding that an apple falling to earth from a tree bore witness to the same physical principle that keeps the planets revolving around the sun. with an audacious step in the service of scientific hegemony, newton united the physics governing both heaven and earth and declared the force of gravity to be the invisible hand at work in each realm. newtons view of gravity might be called the great equalizer. he declared that absolutely everything exerts an attractive gravitational force on absolutely everything else. regardless of physical composition, everything exerts as well as feels the force of gravity. based on a close study of johannes keplers analysis of planetary motion newton deduced that the which sentence from paragraph 4 most precisely explains the factors that determine the force of gravity? 1. newton went much further than this qualitative description and wrote down equations that quantitatively describe the strength of the gravitational force between two objects. 2. in words, these equations state that the gravitational force between two bodies is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. 3. this law of gravity can be used to predict the motion of planets and comets around the sun, the moon about the earth, and rockets heading off for planetary explorations, as well as more earthbound applications such as baseballs flying through the air and divers spiraling poolward from springboards. 4. the agreement between the predictions and the actual observed motion of such objects is spectacular.

Explanation:

The second - sentence in paragraph 4 precisely states the factors determining the gravitational force (product of masses and square of the distance). The first sentence just says Newton wrote equations, the third sentence is about applications of the law of gravity, and the fourth sentence is about the agreement between predictions and observations.

Answer:

1. "In words, these equations state that the gravitational force between two bodies is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them."