Question

select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first.
structuralism, functionalism, humanism, behaviorism
humanism, structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism
structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism
humanism, behaviorism, structuralism, functionalism

Explanation:

To determine the correct order, we recall the historical development of psychological perspectives:

1. Structuralism (founded by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener) was one of the earliest psychological perspectives, focusing on breaking down mental processes into basic components.
2. Functionalism (led by William James) followed, emphasizing the functions of mental processes and how they adapt to the environment.
3. Behaviorism (pioneered by John B. Watson and later B.F. Skinner) came next, focusing on observable behavior and learning through conditioning.
4. Humanism (with figures like Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers) developed later, emphasizing human potential, self - actualization, and the uniqueness of human beings.

Now let's analyze each option:

• Option 1: Humanism came after behaviorism, so this order is incorrect.
• Option 2: Humanism is the latest among these, and structuralism came before functionalism, so this order is wrong.
• Option 3: Follows the correct chronological order of structuralism (earliest), then functionalism, then behaviorism, and finally humanism.
• Option 4: The order is completely reversed from the historical development.

Answer:

C. structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism