Question

1. singular : plural *

○ a) none : two
○ b) synonym : homonym
○ c) one : many
○ d) feet : fish

1. megalopolis : cities *

○ a) large : great
○ b) many : towns
○ c) plants : garden
○ d) neighborhood : homes

1. multiply : decrease *

○ a) increase : divide
○ b) grow : shrink
○ c) improve : decline
○ d) product : sum

Explanation:

Question 3

To solve this, we analyze the relationship between "SINGULAR" and "PLURAL". "SINGULAR" refers to one, and "PLURAL" refers to many.

• Option a: "none" and "two" do not represent the singular - plural relationship.
• Option b: "synonym" (words with the same meaning) and "homonym" (words with the same spelling or sound but different meanings) are not related to singular - plural.
• Option c: "one" (singular concept) and "many" (plural concept) matches the relationship of SINGULAR:PLURAL.
• Option d: "feet" is the plural of "foot", and "fish" can be singular or plural, so this pair does not represent the singular - plural relationship in the same way.

The relationship between "MEGALOPOLIS" (a very large urban area, a collection of cities) and "CITIES" is that a megalopolis is composed of cities. We need to find a pair with a similar part - whole or composition relationship.

• Option a: "large" and "great" are synonyms, not a composition relationship.
• Option b: "many" is a quantity and "towns" are a type of settlement; this does not match the composition relationship of megalopolis and cities.
• Option c: "plants" are in a "garden", but the relationship is reversed compared to megalopolis (which is made of cities) as a garden contains plants, not the other way around.
• Option d: A "neighborhood" is composed of "homes", which is a similar part - whole relationship as a megalopolis is composed of cities.

"Multiply" means to increase in number or quantity, and "decrease" means to reduce. We need to find a pair of words with opposite meanings (antonyms).

• Option a: "increase" and "divide" are not antonyms. "Divide" is an arithmetic operation, and "increase" is about change in quantity.
• Option b: "grow" (increase in size/quantity) and "shrink" (decrease in size/quantity) are antonyms, similar to "multiply" (which leads to increase) and "decrease".
• Option c: "improve" (make better) and "decline" (get worse) are antonyms, but the relationship is more about quality rather than quantity like "multiply" and "decrease".
• Option d: "product" (result of multiplication) and "sum" (result of addition) are related to arithmetic operations, not antonyms of "multiply" and "decrease".

Answer:

c) one : many

Question 4