true or false
16. most volcanoes erupt from a magma chamber relatively near the earths surface.
17. flowing lava is the most dangerous hazard from volcanoes.
18. pillow lava forms from the action of pyroclastic flows near the crater of a volcano.
19. the term pyroclastic refers to all the different types of solid volcanic emissions.
20. hawaii, in the middle of the pacific ocean, is an example of a volcano that rises from a mid - ocean ridge system.
21. on a contour map, hatched contour lines indicate lower elevations completely enclosed by higher elevations.
22. the number of active and extinct volcanoes around the world and the extent of flood basalts suggest that the flood event was far more hor - rific than just a global flood with heavy rain and tsunamis.
23. cinder cones are among the largest volcanoes in the world.
24. even though no vei 8 eruption has ever been observed, we can see geo - logic evidence for past volcanic explosions that could have been rated with a vei of 8 or more.
25. the geothermal gradient is often higher near tectonic plate borders than at the interior of the plates.
26. geothermal energy has only recently been discovered and put to use.

Question

Accepted Answer

### 16.
# Brief Explanations:
Volcanoes typically erupt from magma chambers that are relatively close to the Earth's surface as the pressure build - up and the movement of magma towards the surface is facilitated when the chamber is near.
# Answer:
True

### 17.
# Brief Explanations:
Pyroclastic flows (fast - moving currents of hot gas and volcanic matter) are generally more dangerous than flowing lava as they can travel much faster and cover larger areas, causing more destruction and loss of life.
# Answer:
False

### 18.
# Brief Explanations:
Pillow lava forms when lava erupts underwater and cools quickly, forming pillow - shaped structures. Pyroclastic flows are related to explosive volcanic activity and do not form pillow lava.
# Answer:
False

### 19.
# Brief Explanations:
The term "pyroclastic" does refer to all the different types of solid volcanic emissions (such as ash, rock fragments, etc.) that are ejected during a volcanic eruption.
# Answer:
True

### 20.
# Brief Explanations:
Hawaii is formed by a hot spot, not a mid - ocean ridge system. Mid - ocean ridges are underwater mountain ranges formed by seafloor spreading, while hot spots are areas where magma rises from deep within the Earth's mantle.
# Answer:
False

### 21.
# Brief Explanations:
On a contour map, hatched contour lines (also called depression contour lines) indicate lower elevations that are completely enclosed by higher elevations (like a depression or a sinkhole).
# Answer:
True

### 22.
# Brief Explanations:
The idea of a "Flood event" as described is a non - scientific, religious - based concept. The number of volcanoes and flood basalts are studied through scientific geological methods and do not support a global flood event as described in a non - scientific context.
# Answer:
False

### 23.
# Brief Explanations:
Cinder cones are relatively small volcanoes. Shield volcanoes (like those in Hawaii) are among the largest volcanoes in the world.
# Answer:
False

### 24.
# Brief Explanations:
Although we have not observed a VEI 8 eruption (the highest on the Volcanic Explosivity Index) in modern times, geological evidence (such as large - scale volcanic deposits) shows that past volcanic explosions could have had a VEI of 8 or more.
# Answer:
True

### 25.
# Brief Explanations:
Tectonic plate borders are areas of high geological activity. The geothermal gradient (the rate of increase of temperature with respect to depth in the Earth's interior) is often higher near these borders due to the movement of tectonic plates and the associated heat transfer processes.
# Answer:
True

### 26.
# Brief Explanations:
Geothermal energy has been used for a long time, for example, in some ancient civilizations for heating purposes. It is not a recently discovered energy source.
# Answer:
False

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Question

Explanation:

16.

Answer:

17.