Question

unit 8 review

1. what are some attributes of inca society? who are they most similar to?
2. the triangular trade contributed to europe in what way? what was an example of this system?
3. the images above show that this society...
4. how did the spread of disease impact the fall of the aztec empire?
5. who colonized the shaded region in the image to the left? what civilizations were in this region? label the map with the names of the 3 civilizations.
6. one of the main goals of spanish explorers was to...
7. what were 4 advancements of the native americans?

Explanation:

1. Question 1: Inca society had a centralized imperial government, a mandatory labor system (mit'a), road networks, and polytheistic religion. They are most similar to the Aztecs, as both were large, centralized pre-Columbian empires with complex administrative systems and tribute/labor requirements.
2. Question 2: Triangular trade enriched Europe by supplying raw materials (like sugar, cotton) from the Americas, which European industries processed, and by creating profits from the slave trade and commodity exchange. This was part of the mercantilism system, where nations accumulated wealth through controlled trade and colonies; an example is British sugar plantations in the Caribbean using enslaved labor, with sugar sold in Europe for high profits.
3. Question 3: The left image is Chichén Itzá (Maya), the right is Machu Picchu (Inca). These show the society built large, sophisticated stone architectural monuments, indicating advanced engineering, centralized labor organization, and complex religious/political structures.
4. Question 4: European diseases (like smallpox) killed 50-90% of the Aztec population, including rulers and military leaders. This weakened their labor force, military, and social order, making it easier for Spanish conquistadors and allied native groups to defeat the empire.
5. Question 5: The shaded region (Mesoamerica and the Andes) was colonized by the Spanish. The three civilizations here are: 1. Aztec (central Mexico), 2. Maya (southern Mexico, Central America), 3. Inca (Andes region of South America).
6. Question 6: One main goal of Spanish explorers was to acquire gold and other valuable resources, spread Catholic Christianity, and claim land for the Spanish crown.
7. Question 7: Four Native American advancements are: 1. Agricultural techniques like three-sister farming (corn, beans, squash), 2. Complex stone architecture (e.g., Maya pyramids, Inca Machu Picchu), 3. Sophisticated calendar systems (Maya and Aztec calendars), 4. Road networks (Inca royal roads spanning thousands of miles).

Answer:

1. Attributes: Centralized empire, mit'a labor system, road networks, polytheism; Most similar to: Aztecs
2. Contribution: Enriched Europe with raw materials/profits; System example: Mercantilism (Caribbean sugar plantations)
3. Built large, advanced stone architecture with complex organization
4. Killed most of the Aztec population, weakening their military and society, enabling Spanish conquest
5. Colonizer: Spanish; Civilizations: Aztec (central Mexico), Maya (southern Mexico/Central America), Inca (Andes South America)
6. Acquire gold, spread Christianity, claim land for Spain
7. Three-sister farming, stone architecture, complex calendars, Inca road networks