Question

use the text below to answer the question. a hypothesis is an educated guess written in way that allows us to test whether it is true or no, in a form called if-then. in galileo’s experiment, his hypothesis was that if gravity is a constant force, then two cannonballs of different weights will still fall at the same rate. scientists test a hypothesis by conducting a controlled experiment. in a controlled experiment, the scientist studies a single factor, like or she tests this one factor by using a control. in a control, a pair of tests is carried out, and only one factor is changed between them. this factor, which we control, is called the variable. the only thing different between the two tests is the variable. in galileo’s case, the two cannonballs were the same. the only variable factor was the weight. which of the following is an example of a hypothesis? a. a controlled test of gravity’s effect on objects b. i know i won’t get a completion grade unless i finish my homework. c. the variable factor of weight in galileo’s experiment d. if moths are exposed to light, then they will get rashes.

Explanation:

To determine the correct answer, we analyze each option based on the definition of a hypothesis (an educated guess in an "If - then" form to test its truth):

• Option A: "a controlled test of gravity’s effect on objects" describes an experiment, not a hypothesis.
• Option B: "I know I won’t get a completion grade unless I finish my homework" is a personal statement, not in the "If - then" format of a hypothesis.
• Option C: "the variable factor of weight in Galileo’s experiment" refers to a variable in an experiment, not a hypothesis.
• Option D: "If moths are exposed to light, then they will get confused" is in the "If - then" format, which matches the definition of a hypothesis.

Answer:

D. If moths are exposed to light, then they will get confused.