Question

i. vocabulary
in context some of the words you have studied in unit 2 appear in
boldface. read the passage below. then circle the letter of
the correct answer for each word as it is used in context.

life on the range

cowboys have been portrayed as romantic figures in american folklore and film.
in reality, however, cowboy life on the trail was anything but romantic. between 1865
and 1890, cowboys drove about 10 million head of cattle from ranches in southern
texas to distant northern locations. early in the period, the drives supplied cattle to forts,
mining towns, and reservations. later, with the coming of the railroad, the destinations
were railroad towns in kansas or nebraska, where the cattle were sold for beef to
eastern buyers. whatever the destination, the trip was dangerous and exhausting.

stampedes were an ever-present possibility, but cowboys encountered many other
hazards on the drive. they were at the mercy of the elements, and the terrain they
crossed was often treacherous. all kinds of things could dissuade their progress.
rivers became raging torrents, or burst their banks and created inland seas. pelted
by hail, plagued by dust storms, and often poisoned by the only food available to them,
cowboys led lives that were always harsh, and often short.

the majority of the cowboys were texans. some were ex-confederate soldiers. others
were former slaves. most of them were young. cowboys worked long hours, earned
very little, and slept in the open for up to four months at a time. the key to survival
was teamwork. teamwork and mutual understanding were essential to the success
of any cattle drive. it has been said that cowboys worked in packs, like wolves. eight
to twelve cowboys could manage a herd of about 2,500 head, working in incredibly
efficient teams to direct, round up, guard, and brand the cattle.

1. what does hazards most likely mean

as it is used in paragraph 2?
a. epidemics c. challenges
b. perils d. culprits

1. dissuade comes from the latin word

dissuadere. dissuadere most likely
means
a. to persuade away from c. to challenge an outcome
b. to speed things up d. to check on progress

1. what is the meaning of pelted as

it is used in paragraph 2?
a. assailed c. pampered
b. buried d. scorched

1. which word is closest in meaning to

plagued as it is used in paragraph 2?
a. injured c. delayed
b. tormented d. shocked

1. which word means the same as

mutual in paragraph 3?
a. deep c. shared
b. loyal d. natural

Explanation:

Question 1

In paragraph 2, "hazards" are the dangers cowboys faced (stampedes, elements, terrain). "Perils" means dangers, matching the context. "Epidemics" are diseases, "challenges" is less about danger, "culprits" are wrongdoers.

"Dis - " often means "away" (e.g., dissuade = persuade away). "Dissuadere" likely means to persuade away from, as "dissuade" in context (things stopping progress) fits "persuade away from" action.

"Pelted by hail" means being hit/assailed by hail. "Assailed" means attacked, matching. "Buried" (hail doesn't bury), "pampered" (opposite), "scorched" (hail isn't heat - related) don't fit.

Answer:

b. perils

Question 2