Question

1. what was the key to understanding the nature of things in the universe? 5. how did copernicus heliocentric model differ from the geocentric model? helio model has sun at center/ geocentric was earth at center. 6. what did kepler say about the planetary orbits? planetary orbits are elliptical. 7. what 3 discoveries did galileo make? phases of venus, moons of jupiter, and craters on moon. 8. why was the catholic church upset at these findings?

Explanation:

1. The scientific method, which involves observation, hypothesis - formation, experimentation, and analysis, is considered the key to understanding the nature of things in the universe. It allows for objective and systematic exploration.
2. Copernicus' heliocentric model placed the Sun at the center of the solar - system, while the geocentric model had the Earth at the center. This was a major shift in cosmological understanding.
3. Kepler discovered that planetary orbits are elliptical, as opposed to the previously - thought circular orbits. His laws of planetary motion describe the motion of planets around the Sun.
4. Galileo made several important discoveries: the phases of Venus, which supported the heliocentric model; the moons of Jupiter, showing that not all celestial bodies orbit the Earth; and craters on the Moon, indicating its non - perfect nature.
5. The Catholic Church was upset because these findings challenged the long - held Aristotelian and Ptolemaic views that were intertwined with Church teachings. The heliocentric model and other discoveries contradicted the idea of Earth as the center of the universe and the perfection of celestial bodies.

Answer:

1. The scientific method.
2. Heliocentric model has Sun at center; geocentric has Earth at center.
3. Planetary orbits are elliptical.
4. Phases of Venus, moons of Jupiter, craters on the Moon.
5. Challenged Aristotelian and Church - held views.