Question

which action is most likely the result of empathy?
sending an email to a friend
hugging a significant other
volunteering after a natural disaster
waving when you see a casual acquaintance

Explanation:

Empathy involves understanding and sharing the feelings of others. Volunteering after a natural disaster shows concern for those affected (sharing their distress), while the other actions (emailing a friend, hugging a significant other, waving at an acquaintance) are more routine or personal - connection - based, not driven by empathizing with others' suffering from a disaster.

Answer:

volunteering after a natural disaster