Question

which of the following accurately describes the first century of the history of islam after mohammads death in 632? a newly united arabian peninsula achieved rapid, widespread military expansion under the new faith. the religion saw a period of relatively quiet while the five pillars of islam were being instituted. the religion was established under four leaders known as caliphs with no controversy over their role. islam spread slowly into north africa and the middle east.

Explanation:

• After Muhammad's death in 632, the Arabian Peninsula was united under Islam, and the Rashidun Caliphate launched rapid, large-scale military campaigns that conquered territories across the Middle East, North Africa, and beyond in the first century of Islamic history.
• The Five Pillars were already established in Muhammad's time, so the "quiet period" claim is false.
• The four Rashidun caliphs faced significant controversy, including the First Fitna (civil war) over succession, so the "no controversy" claim is incorrect.
• Islamic expansion was rapid, not slow, so that option is wrong.

Answer:

A. A newly united Arabian peninsula achieved rapid, widespread military expansion under the new faith.