Question

which of the following are not examples of helping verbs?
shall should will would
am is are was were
said seems not or
have has had

Explanation:

Helping verbs (auxiliary verbs) support main verbs to show tense, modality, voice, etc. "shall, should, will, would" are modal auxiliaries; "am, is, are, was, were" are be-verbs (auxiliaries for continuous tenses/voice); "have, has, had" are perfect tense auxiliaries. "and, seems, not, or" includes coordinating conjunctions ("and, or"), a main verb ("seems"), and an adverb ("not")—none are helping verbs.

Answer:

and, seems, not, or