Question

which statement best describes the change in thermal energy that the paper experiences? a the initial thermal energy of the paper is due to the particles vibrating in place. the particles vibrate faster after the colliding spheres exert force on both sides of the paper, increasing the thermal energy. b the initial thermal energy of the paper is due to the particles vibrating in place. the particles move slower after the colliding spheres exert force on both sides of the paper, increasing the thermal energy. c the initial thermal energy of the paper is due to the particles vibrating in place. the particles vibrate faster after the colliding spheres exert force on both sides of the paper, decreasing the thermal energy. d the initial thermal energy of the paper is due to the particles vibrating in place. the particles move slower after the colliding spheres exert force on both sides of the paper, decreasing the thermal energy.

Explanation:

Step1: Recall the concept of thermal energy and particle motion

Thermal energy is related to the motion of particles. Faster - moving particles mean higher thermal energy.

Step2: Analyze the collision situation

When the spheres collide with the paper, they transfer energy to the paper. The particles of the paper start vibrating faster as a result of this energy transfer, which increases the thermal energy of the paper.

Step3: Evaluate each option

• Option A: The initial thermal energy of the paper is due to the particles vibrating in place. When the spheres collide, the particles vibrate faster after the colliding spheres exert force on both sides of the paper, increasing the thermal energy. This is correct.
• Option B: The spheres transfer energy to the paper, so the paper's thermal energy increases, not decreases. So this option is incorrect.
• Option C: The spheres transfer energy to the paper, increasing the paper's thermal energy, not decreasing it. So this option is incorrect.
• Option D: The spheres transfer energy to the paper, increasing the paper's thermal energy, not decreasing it. So this option is incorrect.

Answer:

A. The initial thermal energy of the paper is due to the particles vibrating in place. The particles vibrate faster after the colliding spheres exert force on both sides of the paper, increasing the thermal energy.