Question

which statement describes an important advantage of the government system described in this excerpt? the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate departments.... the different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself. —federalist 51
power is limited in both governments to protect individual rights.
individuals have the ability to participate in both levels of government.
local governments retain final authority in defending individual rights.
both governments are able to combine powers during emergencies.

Explanation:

The excerpt describes a system of divided - power (federalism) and separation of powers within each government level. This system limits the power of both governments, safeguarding individual rights by preventing any one entity from having excessive power.

Answer:

Power is limited in both governments to protect individual rights.