Question

which are the top causes of end - stage renal disease (esrd)? select all that apply.
□ hypertension
□ elevated blood urea nitrogen (bun) levels
□ toxicity
□ diabetes mellitus
□ consistently high serum creatinine levels

Explanation:

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are well - known major causes of ESRD. Toxicity can also damage the kidneys and lead to ESRD. Elevated BUN and high serum creatinine are symptoms or markers of kidney dysfunction rather than top causes of ESRD.

Answer:

A. Hypertension
C. Toxicity
D. Diabetes mellitus