Question

1. within ( ), individuals often give the group a special feeling, making it difficult for both sides to communicate equally.
2. the third stage is ( ), where problems become apparent.
3. the characteristic of ( ) is the need to work across different or multiple cultural backgrounds.

ⅳ. short answer questions (6 points each, 30 points in total) 【得分：

1. what is culture? please explain it and provide three examples.

1. what is the character of listening culture and conversation culture?

1. what is the process of communication?

1. how to achieve a win - win negotiation?

1. briefly explain what universalist and particularist are.

Explanation:

Question 1

Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a group or society. It is learned and transmitted across generations. Examples: 1. Language: English, Chinese, etc., as a system of communication. 2. Festivals: Christmas (celebrated by Christians), Chinese New Year (celebrated by Chinese people). 3. Art: Painting styles like Impressionism (artistic culture).

• Listening Culture: People tend to listen more, value silence, and think before speaking. They focus on understanding others' views deeply, e.g., in some Asian cultures.
• Conversation Culture: People are more talkative, value expressing ideas, and see conversation as a way to build relationships, e.g., in some Western cultures.

The communication process includes: 1. Sender: Encodes a message. 2. Message: The content to be communicated (verbal/non - verbal). 3. Channel: Medium (e.g., face - to - face, phone, email). 4. Receiver: Decodes the message. 5. Feedback: Receiver's response to the sender. 6. Noise: Interference (e.g., background noise, language barriers) that affects communication.

Answer:

Culture is the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts of a group/society, learned and transmitted. Examples: Language (e.g., English), Festivals (e.g., Chinese New Year), Art (e.g., Impressionist paintings).

Question 2