Question

you are measuring length with a ruler. the smallest division on the ruler is the 1 mm mark. the end of the object does not fall on the 1 mm mark, so you estimate the measurement to the nearest 0.5 mm. what type of uncertainty is due to this estimation?
a) random
b) systematic
question 2 (1 point)
the acceleration due to gravity is calculated by measuring the time for an empty box to fall 10.0 m, starting from rest. what is the type of uncertainty that is contributed by air resistance?

Explanation:

• For the first question, random uncertainty arises from estimations and small - scale variations in measurements. Estimating to the nearest 0.5 mm when the object's end doesn't fall on a 1 - mm mark is a source of random uncertainty as different observers might estimate differently.
• For the second question, air resistance is a consistent factor that affects the measurement of the acceleration due to gravity in a non - random way. It causes a systematic deviation from the ideal free - fall situation where there is no air resistance. So, it is a source of systematic uncertainty.

Answer:

1. A. Random
2. B. Systematic