Question

1. at the end of the revolutionary war, general george washington surrendered his military commission, or appointment, back to congress and retired to his home, mount vernon. this action established the precedent, an earlier law or court decision to be considered when making future decisions, that the power of the civilian government was superior to that of the military. because his fellow citizens trusted him with power, washington returned to public service as the nation’s first president. he set another precedent when he chose not to run again for the presidency after two terms in office, which every president until franklin d. roosevelt followed. the two - term limit later became part of the u.s. constitution.
2. charles chibitty was a comanche from medicine park, oklahoma, who was forbidden from speaking his native language at an indian school growing up. he enlisted in the u.s. army and became one of the native american “codetalkers” during world war ii. many of these courageous soldiers fought on the front lines, sending word of enemy positions and tactical situations in their native languages, which could not be understood by the japanese and german armed forces. this critical information helped commanders to shape their decisions. chibitty landed on utah beach, helped liberate paris from nazi occupation, and fought in the battle of the bulge. he and other codetalkers later received numerous awards for their bravery and unique contribution to the war effort.

charles chibitty was a comanche who served in world war ii as a “codetalker.”

Explanation:

Since no specific question is provided about the text (e.g., a question about the content, a comprehension question, an analysis question), it's not possible to give a targeted answer. If you want to ask about the main idea of a passage, a detail, or something else related to this text, please clarify your question. For example, if you want a summary of passage 11:

1. After the Revolutionary War, Washington surrendered his military commission to Congress and retired to Mount Vernon, establishing the precedent of civilian government being superior to military.
2. He later returned as the first president, and when he didn't run for a third term, he set the two - term limit precedent (later part of the Constitution).

Or if you want a summary of passage 12:

1. Charles Chibitty, from Oklahoma, was forbidden native language at school.
2. He enlisted in the Army, became a WWII "codetalker" (using native language to send military info), fought in battles like Utah Beach, Paris liberation, Battle of the Bulge, and got awards.

Answer:

The passage 11 is about George Washington's actions after the Revolutionary War (surrendering military commission, retiring, then returning as president, setting precedents like civilian government superiority and two - term limit).