11. using your knowledge of cells, which type of cells in model 2—animal or plant—have a selectively permeable membrane? a. a selectively permeable membrane? b. a permeable, rigid cell wall? 12. the arrows in model 2 show movement of water into and out of the cells. what does the thick - ness of the arrow indicate? 13. for each question use diagrams a - f in model 2. which cells show a. a net increase in water? b. a net decrease in water? c. no net change in water? 14. consider the definition for osmosis and the net movement of water from a dilute solution (low concentration of water) to a concentrated solution (high concentration of the solution inside cells a and d (intracellular), relative to the concentration of the extracellular solution of cells c and f. b. describe the concentration of the extracellular solution of cells c and f, relative to the intra - cellular solution of cells c and f. c. describe the concentration of the extracellular solution of cells b and e, relative to the con - centration of the intracellular solution of cells b and e. 15. using the diagrams in model 2 and the answers to the previous question, develop definitions for the following words. a. a hypertonic extracellular solution is b. a hypotonic extracellular solution is c. an isotonic extracellular solution is 16. consider the cells in model 2 that are in hypertonic solutions. a. describe what has happened to the plant cell. b. what word is used to summarize these changes to the plant cell? c. what word would be used if the cell were from an animal?

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Accepted Answer

11.
# Brief Explanations:
Plant cells have a cell wall and a selectively - permeable cell membrane. Animal cells have only a selectively - permeable cell membrane. In the models, plant cells D, E, F have a cell wall structure outside the cell membrane, while animal cells A, B, C do not.
# Answer:
a. Animal cells A, B, C have a selectively - permeable membrane. Plant cells D, E, F have a selectively - permeable membrane and a rigid cell wall.

12.
# Brief Explanations:
The thickness of the arrow indicates the relative amount of water movement. A thicker arrow means more water is moving.
# Answer:
The thickness of the arrow indicates the relative rate or amount of water movement. A thicker arrow implies a greater net movement of water into or out of the cell.

13.
# Brief Explanations:
In a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the cell (net decrease in water inside the cell). In a hypotonic solution, water moves into the cell (net increase in water inside the cell). In an isotonic solution, there is no net change in water.
# Answer:
a. Cells A and D (animal and plant in hypertonic) show a net decrease in water.
b. Cells C and F (animal and plant in hypotonic) show a net increase in water.
c. Cells B and E (animal and plant in isotonic) show no net change in water.

14.
# Brief Explanations:
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively - permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.
# Answer:
a. Osmosis is the movement of water from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration across a selectively - permeable membrane.
b. In a concentrated solution (hypertonic), the water concentration outside the cell is lower than inside, so water moves out of the cell. In a dilute solution (hypotonic), the water concentration outside the cell is higher than inside, so water moves into the cell. In an isotonic solution, the water concentration is the same inside and outside the cell, so there is no net water movement.
c. For cells B and E (isotonic), the water concentration of the extracellular solution is equal to the intracellular solution. For cells A and D (hypertonic), the water concentration of the extracellular solution is lower than the intracellular solution. For cells C and F (hypotonic), the water concentration of the extracellular solution is higher than the intracellular solution.

15.
# Brief Explanations:
Based on the state of the cells and water movement, we can define solutions.
# Answer:
a. A hypertonic extracellular solution causes water to move out of the cell, leading to cell shrinkage (crenation in animal cells and plasmolysis in plant cells).
b. A hypotonic extracellular solution causes water to move into the cell, leading to cell swelling (lysis in animal cells and turgor in plant cells).
c. An isotonic extracellular solution results in no net water movement and the cell remains in a normal state.

16.
# Brief Explanations:
In hypertonic solutions, plant cells lose water and the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall (plasmolysis).
# Answer:
a. The plant cell has undergone plasmolysis. The cell membrane has pulled away from the cell wall due to water loss in the hypertonic solution.
b. The word to summarize the change from plant cell to animal - like state (in hypertonic) is plasmolysis as the cell loses its turgid structure similar to how animal cells react to water loss in hypertonic conditions.
c. If the cell were from an animal, the word would be crenation (shrinkage and wrinkling of the cell due to water loss in hypertonic solution).

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