Question

1. who is protected by title ix of the education amendment act? (15.5.469)
2. how did the supreme court rule on affirmative action? (15.5.470 - 471)
3. what methods are used by the national rifle association (nra) to fight for second amendment rights? (15.6.474)
4. how does the supreme court case of roe v. wade relate to privacy? (15.6.475 - 476)
5. under what circumstance would the government limit privacy by conducting surveillance on individual citizens? (15.6.476 - 477)
6. what does a search warrant allow someone to do? (16.1.486 - 487)
7. which rights are limited in a school setting? (16.1.488 - 489)
8. what is racial profiling and why is it controversial? (16.1.489)
9. what principle of law is the starting point for every trial? (16.2.492)
10. what is an effect of gideon v. wainwright? (16.2.494 - 495)
11. where do you find a right for a speedy and public trial? (16.2.495)

Explanation:

1. Title IX of the Education Amendment Act protects individuals from sex - based discrimination in education programs or activities that receive federal financial assistance.
2. The Supreme Court has had various rulings on affirmative action, often balancing the goals of promoting diversity against claims of reverse discrimination. Decisions have been nuanced and have changed over time.
3. The NRA uses lobbying, legal challenges, and public relations campaigns to fight for Second Amendment rights.
4. The Roe v. Wade case related to privacy as it recognized a woman's right to privacy in making decisions about her own body, specifically regarding abortion, based on the due - process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
5. The government may limit privacy by conducting surveillance on individual citizens in cases related to national security threats, criminal investigations where there is probable cause, etc.
6. A search warrant allows law - enforcement officers to enter a specified place, search for specified items, and seize them if found, as long as the search is conducted within the scope of the warrant.
7. In a school setting, rights such as freedom of speech (when it disrupts the educational environment), and privacy rights (in terms of locker searches, etc.) may be limited.
8. Racial profiling is the practice of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on race, ethnicity, or national origin. It is controversial because it violates the principle of equal treatment under the law and can lead to unfair targeting of certain groups.
9. The principle of "innocent until proven guilty" is the starting point for every trial.
10. The effect of Gideon v. Wainwright was that it guaranteed the right to an attorney for defendants in criminal cases who cannot afford one, based on the Sixth Amendment.
11. The right to a speedy and public trial is found in the Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution.

Answer:

1. Individuals from sex - based discrimination in federally - funded education programs.
2. Various rulings balancing diversity and claims of reverse discrimination.
3. Lobbying, legal challenges, public relations.
4. Recognized a woman's right to privacy regarding abortion.
5. National security threats, criminal investigations with probable cause.
6. Enter a place, search for and seize specified items.
7. Freedom of speech, privacy rights.
8. Targeting individuals based on race, controversial due to unfairness.
9. Innocent until proven guilty.
10. Guaranteed right to an attorney for indigent defendants.
11. Sixth Amendment of the US Constitution.