Question

1. a forest ecosystem is an open system. what would be transferred between the ecosystem and its surroundings?

only mass would be transferred. energy would not be transferred between the ecosystem and its surroundings.
only energy would be transferred. mass would not be transferred between the ecosystem and its surroundings.
neither mass nor energy would be transferred between the ecosystem and its surroundings.
both mass and energy would be transferred between the ecosystem and its surroundings.

Explanation:

Open systems exchange both mass and energy with their surroundings. For a forest ecosystem: energy is transferred via sunlight (input) and heat loss (output); mass is transferred via nutrient cycling (e.g., rainwater, carbon dioxide intake, oxygen release, and organic matter moving in/out of the forest).

Answer:

Both mass and energy would be transferred between the ecosystem and its surroundings.