Question

1. why did the spanish shift from using native american labor to african labor?

your answer

1. compare and contrast look at the section on europe and the section on the americas. what is the main difference between a serf and a person in chattel slavery?

your answer

1. geography connection: how did geography (land and weather) shape the slave trade in africa? (hint: think \land\ and \sea\)

your answer

Explanation:

1. For question 19: Native American populations collapsed due to European diseases, overwork, and resistance, making them an unsustainable labor source. African enslaved people were seen as more resistant to European diseases, and the transatlantic slave trade provided a steady, forced supply of labor for Spanish colonial plantations and mines.
2. For question 20: Serfs were tied to the land they worked on; they could not be bought or sold separately from the land, and had some legal rights and access to small plots for their own use. People in chattel slavery were treated as full property, bought and sold independently of land, with no legal rights, and their status was usually inherited by their children.
3. For question 21: Deserts (the "Sand" hint) like the Sahara acted as natural barriers, limiting overland slave trade routes to specific oases and trans-Saharan caravan paths, concentrating trade in certain regions. Coastal areas and favorable sea currents (the "Sea" hint) made maritime slave trade easier; European ships could access West and Central African ports, enabling large-scale forced removal of enslaved people, while coastal kingdoms became key players in capturing and selling enslaved people to European traders.

Answer:

1. The Spanish shifted because Native American labor forces collapsed from disease, overwork, and resistance, while African enslaved people were more resistant to European diseases and the transatlantic slave trade provided a reliable, forced labor supply for colonial enterprises.
2. The main difference is that serfs were bound to the land (not sold separately from it, with limited rights), while chattel slaves were fully owned property, bought/sold independently, with no legal rights, and their status was hereditary.
3. Deserts (like the Sahara) limited overland trade to specific caravan routes, concentrating trade in accessible regions. Coastal geography and favorable sea currents enabled large-scale maritime slave trade, allowing European ships to access African ports and facilitating the mass forced transport of enslaved people, with coastal African kingdoms becoming central to the trade network.