Question

by 1900, at least 40% of americans lived in urban areas, with new york city and chicago having populations of over one million. this increased urbanization largely resulted in —
a philanthropists establishing foundations to help the poor
b passage of legislation limiting immigration to urban areas
c demands for an end to the power of the political machines
d cities that were overcrowded, congested and polluted

Explanation:

Increased urbanization in the late - 19th century led to overcrowding as more people moved to cities. Congestion and pollution also followed due to the rapid growth in urban populations and industrial activities. Philanthropy was not a direct result, immigration was not limited to urban areas by legislation at this time, and demands against political machines were not the main outcome.

Answer:

D. cities that were overcrowded, congested and polluted