Question

1. explain the difference between qualitative and quantitative research.
2. what are the ethical guidelines of psychological research?

i. voluntary participation/informed consent:
ii. confidentiality:
iii. debriefing:
iv.
v.

1. why is it important to ensure scientific integrity?
2. how do psychologists values influence their research and the application of their findings?

module 0.6 statistical reasoning in everyday life

1. what are descriptive statistics?
2. how can the findings be displayed? draw examples.
3. how do we describe data?

a. mean:
b. median:

Explanation:

1. Qualitative research focuses on non - numerical data like meanings, experiences, and descriptions. Quantitative research deals with numerical data, allowing for statistical analysis.
2. i. Voluntary participation/Informed consent means participants enter a study freely and know what it involves. ii. Confidentiality ensures participant information is kept private. iii. Debriefing is providing participants with full information about the study after it's over. Other ethical guidelines could include avoiding harm and maintaining anonymity.
3. Scientific integrity is important as it ensures the reliability and validity of research, builds trust in the scientific community and society, and maintains the quality of knowledge produced.
4. Psychologists' values can influence research by affecting the choice of topics, research methods, interpretation of results, and how findings are applied. For example, a value for social justice may lead to research on marginalized groups.
5. Descriptive statistics summarize and describe characteristics of a data set, such as measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and measures of variability (range, standard deviation).
6. Findings can be displayed in tables, bar graphs, pie charts, histograms, and line graphs. For example, a bar graph can show the number of participants in different age groups.
7. a. The mean is the sum of all data points divided by the number of data points. It represents the average value. b. The median is the middle value when data is arranged in ascending or descending order. If there are an even number of data points, it is the average of the two middle values.

Answer:

1. Qualitative research is non - numerical, focusing on meanings and experiences. Quantitative research uses numerical data for statistical analysis.
2. i. Participants enter freely and are informed. ii. Participant info is private. iii. Participants are fully informed post - study. Other guidelines: avoid harm, maintain anonymity.
3. Ensures reliability, builds trust, maintains knowledge quality.
4. Influences topic choice, methods, result interpretation, and application. E.g., social justice value may lead to research on marginalized groups.
5. Summarize and describe data set characteristics like central tendency and variability measures.
6. Tables, bar graphs, pie charts, histograms, line graphs. E.g., bar graph for age - group participant numbers.
7. a. Sum of data points divided by number of points, represents average. b. Middle value when data is ordered; average of two middle values for even number of points.