Question

an article in the new england journal of medicine reported about a study of smokers in california and hawaii. in one part of the report, the self - reported ethnicity and smoking levels per day were given. of the people smoking at most ten cigarettes per day, there were 9,886 african americans, 2,745 native hawaiians, 12,831 latinos, 8,378 japanese americans, and 7,650 whites. of the people smoking 11 to 20 cigarettes per day, there were 6,514 african americans, 3,062 native hawaiians, 4,932 latinos, 10,680 japanese americans, and 9,877 whites. of the people smoking 21 to 30 cigarettes per day, there were 1,671 african americans, 1,419 native hawaiians, 1,406 latinos, 4,715 japanese americans, and 6,062 whites. of the people smoking at least 31 cigarettes per day, there were 759 african americans, 788 native hawaiians, 800 latinos, 2,305 japanese americans, and 3,970 whites. complete the table using the data provided. | smoking level | african american | native hawaiian | latino | japanese american | white | totals | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 - 10 | | | | | | | | 11 - 20 | | | | | | | | 21 - 30 | | | | | | | | 31+ | | | | | | | | totals | | | | | | |

Explanation:

To complete the table, we will fill in the values for each smoking level and ethnicity, then calculate the totals for each row (smoking level) and column (ethnicity).

Step 1: Fill in the values for each cell

• 1 - 10 cigarettes per day:
• African American: \( 9,886 \)
• Native Hawaiian: \( 2,745 \)
• Latino: \( 12,831 \)
• Japanese American: \( 8,378 \)
• White: \( 7,650 \)
• 11 - 20 cigarettes per day:
• African American: \( 6,514 \)
• Native Hawaiian: \( 3,062 \)
• Latino: \( 4,932 \)
• Japanese American: \( 10,680 \)
• White: \( 9,877 \)
• 21 - 30 cigarettes per day:
• African American: \( 1,671 \)
• Native Hawaiian: \( 1,419 \)
• Latino: \( 1,406 \)
• Japanese American: \( 4,715 \)
• White: \( 6,062 \)
• 31+ cigarettes per day:
• African American: \( 759 \)
• Native Hawaiian: \( 788 \)
• Latino: \( 800 \)
• Japanese American: \( 2,305 \)
• White: \( 3,970 \)

Step 2: Calculate the row totals (TOTALS for each smoking level)

• 1 - 10: \( 9,886 + 2,745 + 12,831 + 8,378 + 7,650 = 41,490 \)
• 11 - 20: \( 6,514 + 3,062 + 4,932 + 10,680 + 9,877 = 41,683 \)
• 21 - 30: \( 1,671 + 1,419 + 1,406 + 4,715 + 6,062 = 15,273 \)
• 31+: \( 759 + 788 + 800 + 2,305 + 3,970 = 8,622 \)

Step 3: Calculate the column totals (TOTALS for each ethnicity)

• African American: \( 9,886 + 6,514 + 1,671 + 759 = 18,830 \)
• Native Hawaiian: \( 2,745 + 3,062 + 1,419 + 788 = 8,014 \)
• Latino: \( 12,831 + 4,932 + 1,406 + 800 = 19,969 \)
• Japanese American: \( 8,378 + 10,680 + 4,715 + 2,305 = 26,078 \)
• White: \( 7,650 + 9,877 + 6,062 + 3,970 = 27,559 \)

Step 4: Calculate the grand total (sum of all row totals)

\( 41,490 + 41,683 + 15,273 + 8,622 = 107,068 \) (This should also equal the sum of all column totals: \( 18,830 + 8,014 + 19,969 + 26,078 + 27,559 = 107,068 \))

Now we can fill in the table:

Smoking Level	African American	Native Hawaiian	Latino	Japanese American	White	TOTALS
11 - 20	6,514	3,062	4,932	10,680	9,877	41,683
21 - 30	1,671	1,419	1,406	4,715	6,062	15,273
31+	759	788	800	2,305	3,970	8,622
TOTALS	18,830	8,014	19,969	26,078	27,559	107,068

Answer:

To complete the table, we will fill in the values for each smoking level and ethnicity, then calculate the totals for each row (smoking level) and column (ethnicity).

Step 1: Fill in the values for each cell

• 1 - 10 cigarettes per day:
• African American: \( 9,886 \)
• Native Hawaiian: \( 2,745 \)
• Latino: \( 12,831 \)
• Japanese American: \( 8,378 \)
• White: \( 7,650 \)
• 11 - 20 cigarettes per day:
• African American: \( 6,514 \)
• Native Hawaiian: \( 3,062 \)
• Latino: \( 4,932 \)
• Japanese American: \( 10,680 \)
• White: \( 9,877 \)
• 21 - 30 cigarettes per day:
• African American: \( 1,671 \)
• Native Hawaiian: \( 1,419 \)
• Latino: \( 1,406 \)
• Japanese American: \( 4,715 \)
• White: \( 6,062 \)
• 31+ cigarettes per day:
• African American: \( 759 \)
• Native Hawaiian: \( 788 \)
• Latino: \( 800 \)
• Japanese American: \( 2,305 \)
• White: \( 3,970 \)

Step 2: Calculate the row totals (TOTALS for each smoking level)

• 1 - 10: \( 9,886 + 2,745 + 12,831 + 8,378 + 7,650 = 41,490 \)
• 11 - 20: \( 6,514 + 3,062 + 4,932 + 10,680 + 9,877 = 41,683 \)
• 21 - 30: \( 1,671 + 1,419 + 1,406 + 4,715 + 6,062 = 15,273 \)
• 31+: \( 759 + 788 + 800 + 2,305 + 3,970 = 8,622 \)

Step 3: Calculate the column totals (TOTALS for each ethnicity)

• African American: \( 9,886 + 6,514 + 1,671 + 759 = 18,830 \)
• Native Hawaiian: \( 2,745 + 3,062 + 1,419 + 788 = 8,014 \)
• Latino: \( 12,831 + 4,932 + 1,406 + 800 = 19,969 \)
• Japanese American: \( 8,378 + 10,680 + 4,715 + 2,305 = 26,078 \)
• White: \( 7,650 + 9,877 + 6,062 + 3,970 = 27,559 \)

Step 4: Calculate the grand total (sum of all row totals)

\( 41,490 + 41,683 + 15,273 + 8,622 = 107,068 \) (This should also equal the sum of all column totals: \( 18,830 + 8,014 + 19,969 + 26,078 + 27,559 = 107,068 \))

Now we can fill in the table:

Smoking Level	African American	Native Hawaiian	Latino	Japanese American	White	TOTALS
11 - 20	6,514	3,062	4,932	10,680	9,877	41,683
21 - 30	1,671	1,419	1,406	4,715	6,062	15,273
31+	759	788	800	2,305	3,970	8,622
TOTALS	18,830	8,014	19,969	26,078	27,559	107,068