Question

1. based on the video and transcript, what organization had the most influence on how people in europe lived and what they thought?
2. protestant reformation and scientific revolution influence

martin luthers actions in the protestant reformation challenged the catholic churchs hold on power by translating the bible into common languages and encouraging people to read it for themselves instead of having priests translate it for them.
isaac newton and other scientists used observation and reason to explain the true nature of the world which often proved the catholic churchs claims wrong.

1. how might the influence of the protestant reformation and the scientific revolution have contributed to the start of the enlightenment?

unit 10.2 | enlightenment, revolution, and nationalism | sq 2. what historical circumstances led to the enlightenment?

1. increased book production and literacy

johannes gutenberg invented his printing press around 1440. that invention made it easier and less expensive to produce books. it was very important in spreading martin luthers ideas during the protestant reformation.
during the enlightenment, book production increased even more and literacy rates, the percentage of people who are able to read, also increased.

1. how might increased book production and literacy have contributed to the start of the enlightenment?
2. urbanization, salons, and coffeehouses

during the 1700s, the process of urbanization (people moving to cities and the growth of those cities) increased in europe. as more people moved to cities they found places to socialize and discuss ideas.
coffee was a newly popular drink in europe and intellectuals from the upper and middle classes like the philosophes came to coffee houses to drink it and discuss politics and religion.
upper class philosophes also exchanged ideas in salons, gatherings, usually at someones home where the guests came to listen to readings and discuss a specific topic.
the picture shows a gathering of enlightenment thinkers in the salon of french hostess marie - thérèse rodet geoffrin (1699 - 1777) for a reading of one of voltaires writings. voltaire was in exile in england so he is represented by the statue in the center - left of the painting.

1. how might urbanization, salons, and coffeehouse have contributed to the start of the enlightenment?

unit 10.2 | enlightenment, revolution, and nationalism | sq 2. what historical circumstances led to the enlightenment?

Explanation:

1. En la Europa medieval, la Iglesia Católica tenía un gran control sobre la vida cotidiana y las creencias de las personas. Martin Lutero y la Reforma Protestante desafiarían este control, y la Revolución Científica cuestionaría las creencias religiosas con la razón y la observación.
2. La Reforma Protestante fomentó la lectura individual de la Biblia y la independencia intelectual. La Revolución Científica mostró que la razón y la observación podían explicar el mundo, lo que inspiró a los pensadores iluministas a aplicar estos métodos a la sociedad y la política.
3. La invención de la imprenta de Gutenberg hizo que los libros fueran más accesibles y baratos. Esto aumentó la alfabetización y permitió que las ideas iluministas se difundieran más rápidamente entre una audiencia más amplia.
4. La urbanización creó espacios para la interacción social, como los salones y los cafés. En estos lugares, intelectuales y filósofos podían discutir y difundir las ideas iluministas, promoviendo el pensamiento crítico y la innovación.

Answer:

1. La Iglesia Católica.
2. La Reforma Protestante fomentó la independencia intelectual y la Revolución Científica inspiró el uso de la razón y la observación en la sociedad.
3. Facilitó la difusión de las ideas iluministas al aumentar la alfabetización y la accesibilidad de los libros.
4. Proporcionó espacios para la interacción social y el intercambio de ideas iluministas entre intelectuales y filósofos.