Question

chapter 3: infancy and childhood
lesson 1: physical, perceptual, and language development
review questions: using headings and subheadings
directions: locate each heading below in your textbook. then use the information under the correct heading and subheading to help you respond to each question or statement. be sure you answer all parts of the question.
i. fetal and newborn development
a. what are the three main issues studied by developmental psychologists?
b. describe 3 features that develop in the embryonic stage.
an “embryo” becomes a “fetus” at ______ months old.
c. the book discusses environmental and biological factors that can affect a growing fetus. identify two environmental factors and one biological factor that could harm a growing fetus.
d. describe two reflexes that infants display. also, why are a newborn baby’s reflexes important?
e. how can the capabilities of newborns be measured?
f. what are some factors that might prevent a child from achieving typical maturational readiness?

Explanation:

A. Developmental psychologists study nature - nurture, stability - change, and continuity - discontinuity.
B. In the embryonic stage, the neural tube, heart, and limb buds develop. An embryo becomes a fetus at 2 months old.
C. Environmental factors: maternal smoking, alcohol consumption. Biological factor: genetic disorders.
D. Sucking reflex (helps with feeding) and Moro reflex (startle response). Newborn reflexes are important for survival and initial adaptation.
E. Capabilities can be measured through behavioral assessments like the Apgar score and the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale.
F. Factors include genetic abnormalities, malnutrition, and exposure to toxins.

Answer:

A. Nature - nurture, stability - change, continuity - discontinuity
B. Neural tube, heart, limb buds; 2
C. Maternal smoking, alcohol consumption; Genetic disorders
D. Sucking reflex (for feeding), Moro reflex (startle response); Important for survival and adaptation
E. Through behavioral assessments like Apgar score and Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
F. Genetic abnormalities, malnutrition, exposure to toxins